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kubernetes docs (#1087)
* wip * wip * remove dead code * add logging about errors for caching credentials * rename subcommand * add kubernetes docs
This commit is contained in:
Caleb Doxsey
GitHub
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docs/recipes/kubernetes-dashboard.md
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docs/recipes/kubernetes-dashboard.md
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---
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title: Kubernetes Dashboard
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lang: en-US
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meta:
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- name: keywords
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content: pomerium identity-access-proxy kubernetes helm k8s oauth dashboard
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description: >-
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This guide covers how to add authentication and authorization to kubernetes dashboard using single-sing-on, pomerium, helm, and letsencrypt certificates.
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---
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# Securing Kubernetes Dashboard
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The following guide covers how to secure [Kubernetes Dashboard] using Pomerium. Kubernetes Dashboard is a powerful, web-based UI for managing Kubernetes clusters. Pomerium can act as a **forward-auth provider** _and_ as an independent **identity-aware access proxy** improving and adding single-sign-on to Kubernetes Dashboard's default access control. This guide aims to demonstrate a concrete example of those two methods of access control.
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This tutorial covers:
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- Installing [Helm] a package manger for Kubernetes
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- Deploying [NGINX Ingress Controller]
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- Install and configure [Cert-Manager] to issue [LetsEncrypt] certificates
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- Deploying Pomerium
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- Deploying [Kubernetes Dashboard]
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- Secure Kubernetes Dashboard access:
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- _directly_, using Pomerium's proxy component
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- _indirectly_, using Pomerium as a [forward-auth] provider
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:::warning
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nginx-ingress [version 0.26.2](https://github.com/helm/charts/issues/20001) contains a regression that breaks external auth and results in an infinite loop.
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:::
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## Background
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Though securing [kubernetes dashboard] as an example may seem contrived, the damages caused by an unsecured dashboard is a real threat vector. In late 2018, Telsa [determined](https://redlock.io/blog/cryptojacking-tesla) that the hackers who were running [crypto-mining malware](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/02/tesla-cloud-resources-are-hacked-to-run-cryptocurrency-mining-malware/) on their cloud accounts came in through an unsecured [Kubernetes Dashboard] instance.
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## Helm
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First, we will install [Helm]. Helm is a package manager similar to `apt-get` or `brew` but for Kubernetes and it's what we'll use to install Pomerium, nginx-ingress, cert-manager, and the dashboard.
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### Install
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There are two parts to Helm: the client, and the server. This guide will cover the most common installation path. Please refer to the [Helm install] instructions for more details, and other options.
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#### Client
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We'll install by installing the helm client on our client on our local machine.
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OSX via [homebrew].
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```bash
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brew install kubernetes-helm
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```
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Linux via [snap].
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```bash
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sudo snap install helm --classic
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```
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A script for the [trusting](https://sysdig.com/blog/friends-dont-let-friends-curl-bash/) 😉.
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```bash
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curl -L https://git.io/get_helm.sh | bash
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```
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Add the default repository
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```bash
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helm repo add pomerium https://helm.pomerium.io
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```
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## NGINX Ingress
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[NGINX ingress controller] is a [Kubernetes Ingress] based on [NGINX] the is a very popular, full-feature reverse-proxy. We will use NGINX in two configurations: as a fronting proxy, and as proxy that delegates every request's access-control decision to Pomerium using forward-auth.
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Also, please note that while this guide uses [NGINX Ingress Controller], Pomerium can act as a forward auth-provider alongside other fronting ingresses like [Traefik](https://docs.traefik.io/middlewares/forwardauth/), [Ambassador](https://www.getambassador.io/reference/services/auth-service/), and [envoy](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/arch_overview/security/ext_authz_filter.html) in a similar fashion.
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### Install
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NGINX Ingress controller can be installed via [Helm] from the official charts repository. To install the chart with the release name `helm-nginx-ingress`:
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```bash
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helm repo add stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
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helm repo update # important to make sure we get >.30
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helm install helm-nginx-ingress stable/nginx-ingress
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```
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```bash
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NAME: helm-nginx-ingress
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....
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NAMESPACE: default
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STATUS: DEPLOYED
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```
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Confirm the ingress has been installed, and that an external `LoadBalancer` IP has been set.
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```sh
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$kubectl get svc
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```
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```
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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helm-nginx-ingress-controller LoadBalancer 10.99.182.128 localhost 80:31059/TCP,443:32402/TCP 15m
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helm-nginx-ingress-default-backend ClusterIP 10.108.251.51 <none> 80/TCP 15m
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kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 93m
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```
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We now have a kubernetes ingress resource that can be used to delegate access control decisions to or front-proxy for Pomerium.
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## Certificates
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[Cert-manager] is a Kubernetes plugin that helps automate issuance of TLS certificates. In our case, we will use cert-manager to retrieve certs to each of our configured routes.
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### Install
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Like in previous steps, we will use [Helm] to install [Cert-manager].
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```sh
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# Install the CustomResourceDefinition resources separately
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$ kubectl apply --validate=false -f https://github.com/jetstack/cert-manager/releases/download/v0.12.0/cert-manager.yaml
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# Create the namespace for cert-manager
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$ kubectl create namespace cert-manager
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# Add the Jetstack Helm repository
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helm repo add jetstack https://charts.jetstack.io
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# Update your local Helm chart repository cache
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helm repo update
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# Install the cert-manager Helm chart
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helm install \
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--namespace cert-manager \
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--version v0.12.0 \
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cert-manager \
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jetstack/cert-manager
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```
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And we'll confirm cert-manager is up and running.
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```
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$ kubectl get pods --namespace cert-manager
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```
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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cert-manager-756d9f56d6-brv6z 1/1 Running 0 23s
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cert-manager-cainjector-74bb68d67c-7jdw6 1/1 Running 0 23s
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cert-manager-webhook-645b8bdb7-8kgc9 1/1 Running 0 23s
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```
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### Configure
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Now that cert-manager is installed, we need to make one more configuration to be able to retrieve certificates. We need to add a [http-01 issuer](https://letsencrypt.org/docs/challenge-types/) for use with [LetsEncrypt].
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```sh
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$ kubectl apply -f docs/recipes/yml/letsencrypt-prod.yaml
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```
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<<< @/docs/recipes/yml/letsencrypt-prod.yaml
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And confirm your issuer is set up correctly.
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```bash
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$ kubectl describe issuer
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```
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```bash
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Name: letsencrypt-prod
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...
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API Version: cert-manager.io/v1alpha2
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Kind: Issuer
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Metadata:
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Spec:
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Acme:
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Private Key Secret Ref:
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Name: letsencrypt-prod
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Server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
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Solvers:
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Http 01:
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Ingress:
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Class: nginx
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Selector:
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Status:
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Acme:
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Last Registered Email: ....
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Uri: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/acct/69070883
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Conditions:
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Message: The ACME account was registered with the ACME server
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Reason: ACMEAccountRegistered
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Status: True
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Type: Ready
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```
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If you see something like the above, cert-manager should be all set to help issue you new certificates when you create a new `https` protected ingress. Note, if you need wild-card certificates, you may also need a [DNS-01](https://docs.cert-manager.io/en/latest/tasks/issuers/setup-acme/dns01/) type issuer.
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## Dashboard
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[Kubernetes Dashboard] is a general purpose, web-based UI for Kubernetes clusters. It allows users to manage applications running in the cluster and troubleshoot them, as well as manage the cluster itself.
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### Install
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As with the previous steps, we can use [Helm] to install our instance of [Kubernetes Dashboard].
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```sh
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helm install \
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helm-dashboard \
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stable/kubernetes-dashboard \
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--set ingress.enabled="false" \
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--set enableSkipLogin="true"
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```
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That's it. We've now configured kubernetes dashboard to use the default service account, if none-is provided. We've also explicitly told helm that we are going to deploy our own custom, nginx / Pomerium / cert-manager enabled ingress.
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## Pomerium
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Pomerium is an identity-aware access proxy that can used to serve as an identity-aware reverse proxy, or as a forward-auth provider.
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### Configure
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Before installing, we will configure Pomerium's configuration settings in `values.yaml`. Other than the typical configuration settings covered in the quick-start guides, we will add a few settings that will make working with Kubernetes Dashboard easier.
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We can retrieve the token to add to our proxied policy's authorization header as follows.
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```sh
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$ kubectl describe secret helm-dashboard
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```
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```Name: dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard-token-bv9jq
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Namespace: default
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Labels: <none>
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Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard
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kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 18ab35ee-eca1-11e9-8c75-025000000001
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Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
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Data
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====
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ca.crt: 1025 bytes
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namespace: 7 bytes
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token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.......
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```
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The above token then needs to be assigned to our route configuration and policy.
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```yaml
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# values.yaml
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authenticate:
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idp:
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provider: "google"
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clientID: YOUR_CLIENT_ID
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clientSecret: YOUR_SECRET
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|
|
||||||
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forwardAuth:
|
||||||
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enabled: true
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|
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config:
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||||||
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sharedSecret: YOUR_SHARED_SECRET
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cookieSecret: YOUR_COOKIE_SECRET
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|
rootDomain: domain.example
|
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|
|
||||||
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policy:
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# this route is directly proxied by pomerium & injects the authorization header
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- from: https://dashboard-proxied.domain.example
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to: https://helm-dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard
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allowed_users:
|
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- user@domain.example
|
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tls_skip_verify: true # dashboard uses self-signed certificates in its default configuration
|
||||||
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set_request_headers:
|
||||||
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Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.....
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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# this route is indirectly checked for access using forward-auth
|
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- from: https://dashboard-forwardauth.domain.example
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to: https://helm-dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard
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allowed_users:
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- user@domain.example
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ingress:
|
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annotations:
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kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
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cert-manager.io/issuer: "letsencrypt-prod" # see `le.issuer.yaml`
|
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nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
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||||||
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secretName: pomerium-ingress-tls
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```
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### Install
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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Finally, we get to install Pomerium! 🎉 Once again, we will use Helm to deploy Pomerium.
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|
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```bash
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helm install \
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"helm-pomerium" \
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pomerium/pomerium \
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--values values.yaml
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```
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## Putting it all together
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|
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Now we just need to tell external traffic how to route everything by deploying the following ingresses.
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|
||||||
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```sh
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$kubectl apply -f docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-forwardauth.ingress.yaml
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```
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||||||
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|
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<<< @/docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-forwardauth.ingress.yaml
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|
||||||
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```sh
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||||||
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$kubectl apply -f docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-proxied.ingress.yaml
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||||||
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```
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||||||
|
|
||||||
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<<< @/docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-proxied.ingress.yaml
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||||||
|
|
||||||
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And finally, check that the ingresses are up and running.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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```sh
|
||||||
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$kubectl get ingress
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```sh
|
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|
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
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|
dashboard-forwardauth dashboard-forwardauth.domain.example 80, 443 42h
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dashboard-proxied dashboard-proxied.domain.example 80, 443 42h
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||||||
|
helm-pomerium *.domain.example,authenticate.domain.example 80, 443 42h
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You'll notice this is the step where we put everything together. We've got [nginx] handling the initial requests, [cert-manager] handling our public certificates, and Pomerium handling access control.
|
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|
|
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|
## Conclusion
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Though the net result will be similar between using forward-auth and direct proxying, there are a few differences:
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|
|
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- By having Pomerium **directly proxy the requests**, you as an administrator have control control over the underlying request. In this example, we are able to inject an authenticating bearer token header to the downstream request which arguably makes for a better user experience.
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<video controls muted="" playsinline="" width="100%" height="600" control=""><source src="./img/k8s-proxied-example.mp4" type="video/mp4">
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|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||||
|
</video>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* Conversely, going the **forward-auth** route potentially means using the ingress / reverse proxy you are are already accustomed to or have already modified to support your particular deployment.
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<video controls muted="" playsinline="" width="100%" height="600" control=""><source src="./img/k8s-fwd-auth-example.mp4" type="video/mp4">
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||||||
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||||
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</video>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In the end, you should choose whichever option makes the most sense for your use-case and environment.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Whichever option you choose to go with, 🎉🍾🎊 **congratulations** 🎉🍾🎊! You now have a single-sign-on enabled [Kubernetes Dashboard] protected by Pomerium and automatically renewing [LetsEncrypt] certificates.
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|
|
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[bearer token]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authentication/
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[cert-manager]: https://github.com/jetstack/cert-manager
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|
[command line proxy]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/#command-line-proxy
|
||||||
|
[creating sample users]: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md
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||||||
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[dashboard ui]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/#deploying-the-dashboard-ui
|
||||||
|
[dns01 challenge provider]: https://docs.cert-manager.io/en/latest/tasks/issuers/setup-acme/dns01/index.html
|
||||||
|
[forward-auth]: ../docs/reference/reference.html#forward-auth
|
||||||
|
[helm install]: https://helm.sh/docs/using_helm/#installing-the-helm-client
|
||||||
|
[helm]: https://helm.sh
|
||||||
|
[homebrew]: https://brew.sh
|
||||||
|
[kubernetes dashboard]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/
|
||||||
|
[kubernetes ingress]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
|
||||||
|
[kubernetes securing a cluster]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/securing-a-cluster/
|
||||||
|
[letsencrypt]: https://letsencrypt.org
|
||||||
|
[nginx ingress controller]: https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
|
||||||
|
[nginx]: https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/security-controls/configuring-subrequest-authentication/
|
||||||
|
[securing your helm installation]: https://helm.sh/docs/using_helm/#securing-your-helm-installation
|
||||||
|
[snap]: https://github.com/snapcrafters/helm
|
||||||
|
[with pomerium]: ../docs/reference/reference.html#forward-auth
|
||||||
|
[your dashboard]: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#/login
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,366 +1,255 @@
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
title: Kubernetes Dashboard
|
title: Kubernetes
|
||||||
lang: en-US
|
lang: en-US
|
||||||
meta:
|
meta:
|
||||||
- name: keywords
|
- name: keywords
|
||||||
content: pomerium identity-access-proxy kubernetes helm k8s oauth dashboard
|
content: pomerium identity-access-proxy kubernetes helm k8s oauth
|
||||||
description: >-
|
description: >-
|
||||||
This guide covers how to add authentication and authorization to kubernetes dashboard using single-sing-on, pomerium, helm, and letsencrypt certificates.
|
This guide covers how to add authentication and authorization to kubernetes apiserver using single-sing-on and pomerium.
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Securing Kubernetes Dashboard
|
# Securing Kubernetes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The following guide covers how to secure [Kubernetes Dashboard] using Pomerium. Kubernetes Dashboard is a powerful, web-based UI for managing Kubernetes clusters. Pomerium can act as a **forward-auth provider** _and_ as an independent **identity-aware access proxy** improving and adding single-sign-on to Kubernetes Dashboard's default access control. This guide aims to demonstrate a concrete example of those two methods of access control.
|
The following guide covers how to secure [Kubernetes] using Pomerium.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Kubernetes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This tutorial covers:
|
This tutorial uses an example Kubernetes cluster created with [`kind`](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/). First create a config file (`kind-config.yaml`):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Installing [Helm] a package manger for Kubernetes
|
```yaml
|
||||||
- Deploying [NGINX Ingress Controller]
|
# kind-config.yaml
|
||||||
- Install and configure [Cert-Manager] to issue [LetsEncrypt] certificates
|
kind: Cluster
|
||||||
- Deploying Pomerium
|
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
|
||||||
- Deploying [Kubernetes Dashboard]
|
nodes:
|
||||||
- Secure Kubernetes Dashboard access:
|
- role: control-plane
|
||||||
- _directly_, using Pomerium's proxy component
|
extraPortMappings:
|
||||||
- _indirectly_, using Pomerium as a [forward-auth] provider
|
- containerPort: 30443
|
||||||
|
hostPort: 30443
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:::warning
|
Next create the cluster:
|
||||||
nginx-ingress [version 0.26.2](https://github.com/helm/charts/issues/20001) contains a regression that breaks external auth and results in an infinite loop.
|
|
||||||
:::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Background
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Though securing [kubernetes dashboard] as an example may seem contrived, the damages caused by an unsecured dashboard is a real threat vector. In late 2018, Telsa [determined](https://redlock.io/blog/cryptojacking-tesla) that the hackers who were running [crypto-mining malware](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/02/tesla-cloud-resources-are-hacked-to-run-cryptocurrency-mining-malware/) on their cloud accounts came in through an unsecured [Kubernetes Dashboard] instance.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Helm
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
First, we will install [Helm]. Helm is a package manager similar to `apt-get` or `brew` but for Kubernetes and it's what we'll use to install Pomerium, nginx-ingress, cert-manager, and the dashboard.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Install
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There are two parts to Helm: the client, and the server. This guide will cover the most common installation path. Please refer to the [Helm install] instructions for more details, and other options.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Client
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We'll install by installing the helm client on our client on our local machine.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
OSX via [homebrew].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
```bash
|
||||||
brew install kubernetes-helm
|
kind create cluster --config=./kind-config.yaml
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Linux via [snap].
|
### Pomerium Service Account
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Pomerium uses a single service account and user impersonatation headers to authenticate and authorize users in Kubernetes. To create the Pomerium service account use the following config: (`pomerium-k8s.yaml`)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```yaml
|
||||||
|
# pomerium-k8s.yaml
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
apiVersion: v1
|
||||||
|
kind: ServiceAccount
|
||||||
|
metadata:
|
||||||
|
namespace: default
|
||||||
|
name: pomerium
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
|
||||||
|
kind: ClusterRole
|
||||||
|
metadata:
|
||||||
|
name: pomerium-impersonation
|
||||||
|
rules:
|
||||||
|
- apiGroups:
|
||||||
|
- ""
|
||||||
|
resources:
|
||||||
|
- users
|
||||||
|
- groups
|
||||||
|
- serviceaccounts
|
||||||
|
verbs:
|
||||||
|
- impersonate
|
||||||
|
- apiGroups:
|
||||||
|
- "authorization.k8s.io"
|
||||||
|
resources:
|
||||||
|
- selfsubjectaccessreviews
|
||||||
|
verbs:
|
||||||
|
- create
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
|
||||||
|
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
|
||||||
|
metadata:
|
||||||
|
name: pomerium
|
||||||
|
roleRef:
|
||||||
|
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
|
||||||
|
kind: ClusterRole
|
||||||
|
name: pomerium-impersonation
|
||||||
|
subjects:
|
||||||
|
- kind: ServiceAccount
|
||||||
|
name: pomerium
|
||||||
|
namespace: default
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Apply it with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
```bash
|
||||||
sudo snap install helm --classic
|
kubectl apply -f ./pomerium-k8s.yaml
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A script for the [trusting](https://sysdig.com/blog/friends-dont-let-friends-curl-bash/) 😉.
|
### User Permissions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
To grant access to users within Kubernetes, you will need to configure RBAC permissions. For example:
|
||||||
curl -L https://git.io/get_helm.sh | bash
|
|
||||||
|
```yaml
|
||||||
|
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
|
||||||
|
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
|
||||||
|
metadata:
|
||||||
|
name: cluster-admin-crb
|
||||||
|
roleRef:
|
||||||
|
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
|
||||||
|
kind: ClusterRole
|
||||||
|
name: cluster-admin
|
||||||
|
subjects:
|
||||||
|
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
|
||||||
|
kind: User
|
||||||
|
name: someuser@example.com
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Add the default repository
|
Permissions can also be granted to groups the Pomerium user is a member of.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
|
||||||
helm repo add pomerium https://helm.pomerium.io
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## NGINX Ingress
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[NGINX ingress controller] is a [Kubernetes Ingress] based on [NGINX] the is a very popular, full-feature reverse-proxy. We will use NGINX in two configurations: as a fronting proxy, and as proxy that delegates every request's access-control decision to Pomerium using forward-auth.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also, please note that while this guide uses [NGINX Ingress Controller], Pomerium can act as a forward auth-provider alongside other fronting ingresses like [Traefik](https://docs.traefik.io/middlewares/forwardauth/), [Ambassador](https://www.getambassador.io/reference/services/auth-service/), and [envoy](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/arch_overview/security/ext_authz_filter.html) in a similar fashion.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Install
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
NGINX Ingress controller can be installed via [Helm] from the official charts repository. To install the chart with the release name `helm-nginx-ingress`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
|
||||||
helm repo add stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
|
|
||||||
helm repo update # important to make sure we get >.30
|
|
||||||
helm install helm-nginx-ingress stable/nginx-ingress
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
|
||||||
NAME: helm-nginx-ingress
|
|
||||||
....
|
|
||||||
NAMESPACE: default
|
|
||||||
STATUS: DEPLOYED
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Confirm the ingress has been installed, and that an external `LoadBalancer` IP has been set.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
|
||||||
$kubectl get svc
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
|
||||||
helm-nginx-ingress-controller LoadBalancer 10.99.182.128 localhost 80:31059/TCP,443:32402/TCP 15m
|
|
||||||
helm-nginx-ingress-default-backend ClusterIP 10.108.251.51 <none> 80/TCP 15m
|
|
||||||
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 93m
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We now have a kubernetes ingress resource that can be used to delegate access control decisions to or front-proxy for Pomerium.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Certificates
|
## Certificates
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Cert-manager] is a Kubernetes plugin that helps automate issuance of TLS certificates. In our case, we will use cert-manager to retrieve certs to each of our configured routes.
|
For this tutorial we will generate wildcard certificates for the `*.localhost.pomerium.io` domain using [`mkcert`](https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Install
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Like in previous steps, we will use [Helm] to install [Cert-manager].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
|
||||||
# Install the CustomResourceDefinition resources separately
|
|
||||||
$ kubectl apply --validate=false -f https://github.com/jetstack/cert-manager/releases/download/v0.12.0/cert-manager.yaml
|
|
||||||
# Create the namespace for cert-manager
|
|
||||||
$ kubectl create namespace cert-manager
|
|
||||||
# Add the Jetstack Helm repository
|
|
||||||
helm repo add jetstack https://charts.jetstack.io
|
|
||||||
# Update your local Helm chart repository cache
|
|
||||||
helm repo update
|
|
||||||
# Install the cert-manager Helm chart
|
|
||||||
helm install \
|
|
||||||
--namespace cert-manager \
|
|
||||||
--version v0.12.0 \
|
|
||||||
cert-manager \
|
|
||||||
jetstack/cert-manager
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And we'll confirm cert-manager is up and running.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ kubectl get pods --namespace cert-manager
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
|
||||||
cert-manager-756d9f56d6-brv6z 1/1 Running 0 23s
|
|
||||||
cert-manager-cainjector-74bb68d67c-7jdw6 1/1 Running 0 23s
|
|
||||||
cert-manager-webhook-645b8bdb7-8kgc9 1/1 Running 0 23s
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Configure
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now that cert-manager is installed, we need to make one more configuration to be able to retrieve certificates. We need to add a [http-01 issuer](https://letsencrypt.org/docs/challenge-types/) for use with [LetsEncrypt].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
|
||||||
$ kubectl apply -f docs/recipes/yml/letsencrypt-prod.yaml
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<<< @/docs/recipes/yml/letsencrypt-prod.yaml
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And confirm your issuer is set up correctly.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
```bash
|
||||||
$ kubectl describe issuer
|
mkcert '*.localhost.pomerium.io'
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
This creates two files:
|
||||||
Name: letsencrypt-prod
|
|
||||||
...
|
|
||||||
API Version: cert-manager.io/v1alpha2
|
|
||||||
Kind: Issuer
|
|
||||||
Metadata:
|
|
||||||
Spec:
|
|
||||||
Acme:
|
|
||||||
Private Key Secret Ref:
|
|
||||||
Name: letsencrypt-prod
|
|
||||||
Server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
|
|
||||||
Solvers:
|
|
||||||
Http 01:
|
|
||||||
Ingress:
|
|
||||||
Class: nginx
|
|
||||||
Selector:
|
|
||||||
Status:
|
|
||||||
Acme:
|
|
||||||
Last Registered Email: ....
|
|
||||||
Uri: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/acct/69070883
|
|
||||||
Conditions:
|
|
||||||
Message: The ACME account was registered with the ACME server
|
|
||||||
Reason: ACMEAccountRegistered
|
|
||||||
Status: True
|
|
||||||
Type: Ready
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you see something like the above, cert-manager should be all set to help issue you new certificates when you create a new `https` protected ingress. Note, if you need wild-card certificates, you may also need a [DNS-01](https://docs.cert-manager.io/en/latest/tasks/issuers/setup-acme/dns01/) type issuer.
|
- `_wildcard.localhost.pomerium.io-key.pem`
|
||||||
|
- `_wildcard.localhost.pomerium.io.pem`
|
||||||
## Dashboard
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Kubernetes Dashboard] is a general purpose, web-based UI for Kubernetes clusters. It allows users to manage applications running in the cluster and troubleshoot them, as well as manage the cluster itself.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Install
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As with the previous steps, we can use [Helm] to install our instance of [Kubernetes Dashboard].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
|
||||||
helm install \
|
|
||||||
helm-dashboard \
|
|
||||||
stable/kubernetes-dashboard \
|
|
||||||
--set ingress.enabled="false" \
|
|
||||||
--set enableSkipLogin="true"
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
That's it. We've now configured kubernetes dashboard to use the default service account, if none-is provided. We've also explicitly told helm that we are going to deploy our own custom, nginx / Pomerium / cert-manager enabled ingress.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Pomerium
|
## Pomerium
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Pomerium is an identity-aware access proxy that can used to serve as an identity-aware reverse proxy, or as a forward-auth provider.
|
### Configuration
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Configure
|
Our Pomerium configuration will route requests from `k8s.localhost.pomerium.io:30443` to the kube-apiserver. Create a Kubernetes YAML configuration file (`pomerium.yaml`):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Before installing, we will configure Pomerium's configuration settings in `values.yaml`. Other than the typical configuration settings covered in the quick-start guides, we will add a few settings that will make working with Kubernetes Dashboard easier.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can retrieve the token to add to our proxied policy's authorization header as follows.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
|
||||||
$ kubectl describe secret helm-dashboard
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```Name: dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard-token-bv9jq
|
|
||||||
Namespace: default
|
|
||||||
Labels: <none>
|
|
||||||
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard
|
|
||||||
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 18ab35ee-eca1-11e9-8c75-025000000001
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Data
|
|
||||||
====
|
|
||||||
ca.crt: 1025 bytes
|
|
||||||
namespace: 7 bytes
|
|
||||||
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.......
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The above token then needs to be assigned to our route configuration and policy.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```yaml
|
```yaml
|
||||||
# values.yaml
|
apiVersion: apps/v1
|
||||||
authenticate:
|
kind: Deployment
|
||||||
idp:
|
metadata:
|
||||||
provider: "google"
|
namespace: default
|
||||||
clientID: YOUR_CLIENT_ID
|
name: pomerium
|
||||||
clientSecret: YOUR_SECRET
|
labels:
|
||||||
|
app: pomerium
|
||||||
|
spec:
|
||||||
|
replicas: 1
|
||||||
|
selector:
|
||||||
|
matchLabels:
|
||||||
|
app: pomerium
|
||||||
|
template:
|
||||||
|
metadata:
|
||||||
|
labels:
|
||||||
|
app: pomerium
|
||||||
|
spec:
|
||||||
|
containers:
|
||||||
|
- name: pomerium
|
||||||
|
image: pomerium/pomerium:master
|
||||||
|
ports:
|
||||||
|
- containerPort: 30443
|
||||||
|
env:
|
||||||
|
- name: ADDRESS
|
||||||
|
value: "0.0.0.0:30443"
|
||||||
|
- name: AUTHENTICATE_SERVICE_URL
|
||||||
|
value: "https://authenticate.localhost.pomerium.io:30443"
|
||||||
|
- name: CERTIFICATE
|
||||||
|
value: "..." # $(base64 -w 0 <./_wildcard.localhost.pomerium.io.pem)
|
||||||
|
- name: CERTIFICATE_KEY
|
||||||
|
value: "..." # $(base64 -w 0 <./_wildcard.localhost.pomerium.io-key.pem)
|
||||||
|
- name: COOKIE_SECRET
|
||||||
|
value: "..." # $(head -c32 /dev/urandom | base64 -w 0)
|
||||||
|
- name: IDP_PROVIDER
|
||||||
|
value: google
|
||||||
|
- name: IDP_CLIENT_ID
|
||||||
|
value: "..."
|
||||||
|
- name: IDP_CLIENT_SECRET
|
||||||
|
value: "..."
|
||||||
|
- name: POLICY
|
||||||
|
value: "..." #$(echo "$_policy" | base64 -w 0)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
forwardAuth:
|
---
|
||||||
enabled: true
|
apiVersion: v1
|
||||||
|
kind: Service
|
||||||
config:
|
metadata:
|
||||||
sharedSecret: YOUR_SHARED_SECRET
|
namespace: default
|
||||||
cookieSecret: YOUR_COOKIE_SECRET
|
name: pomerium
|
||||||
rootDomain: domain.example
|
spec:
|
||||||
|
type: NodePort
|
||||||
policy:
|
selector:
|
||||||
# this route is directly proxied by pomerium & injects the authorization header
|
app: pomerium
|
||||||
- from: https://dashboard-proxied.domain.example
|
ports:
|
||||||
to: https://helm-dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard
|
- port: 30443
|
||||||
allowed_users:
|
targetPort: 30443
|
||||||
- user@domain.example
|
nodePort: 30443
|
||||||
tls_skip_verify: true # dashboard uses self-signed certificates in its default configuration
|
|
||||||
set_request_headers:
|
|
||||||
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.....
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# this route is indirectly checked for access using forward-auth
|
|
||||||
- from: https://dashboard-forwardauth.domain.example
|
|
||||||
to: https://helm-dashboard-kubernetes-dashboard
|
|
||||||
allowed_users:
|
|
||||||
- user@domain.example
|
|
||||||
ingress:
|
|
||||||
annotations:
|
|
||||||
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
|
|
||||||
cert-manager.io/issuer: "letsencrypt-prod" # see `le.issuer.yaml`
|
|
||||||
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
|
|
||||||
secretName: pomerium-ingress-tls
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
### Install
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally, we get to install Pomerium! 🎉 Once again, we will use Helm to deploy Pomerium.
|
Make sure to fill in the appropriate values as indicated.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The policy should be a base64-encoded block of yaml:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```yaml
|
||||||
|
- from: https://k8s.localhost.pomerium.io:30443
|
||||||
|
to: https://kubernetes.default.svc
|
||||||
|
tls_skip_verify: true
|
||||||
|
allowed_domains:
|
||||||
|
- pomerium.com
|
||||||
|
kubernetes_service_account_token: "..." #$(kubectl get secret/"$(kubectl get serviceaccount/pomerium -o json | jq -r '.secrets[0].name')" -o json | jq -r .data.token | base64 -d)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Applying this configuration will create a Pomerium deployment and service within kubernetes that is accessible from `*.localhost.pomerium.io:30443`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Kubectl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Pomerium uses a custom Kubernetes exec-credential provider for kubectl access. This provider will open up a browser window to the Pomerium authenticate service and generate an authorization token that will be used for Kubernetes API calls.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The Pomerium Kubernetes exec-credential provider can be installed via go-get:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
```bash
|
||||||
helm install \
|
env GO111MODULE=on GOBIN=$HOME/bin go get github.com/pomerium/pomerium/cmd/pomerium-cli@master
|
||||||
"helm-pomerium" \
|
|
||||||
pomerium/pomerium \
|
|
||||||
--values values.yaml
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Putting it all together
|
Make sure `$HOME/bin` is on your path.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now we just need to tell external traffic how to route everything by deploying the following ingresses.
|
To use the Pomerium Kubernetes exec-credential provider, update your kubectl config (`$HOME/.kube/config`) in 3 places:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
1. Add a cluster:
|
||||||
$kubectl apply -f docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-forwardauth.ingress.yaml
|
|
||||||
|
```clusters:
|
||||||
|
- cluster:
|
||||||
|
server: https://k8s.localhost.pomerium.io:30443
|
||||||
|
name: via-pomerium
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<<< @/docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-forwardauth.ingress.yaml
|
2. Add a context:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```contexts:
|
||||||
$kubectl apply -f docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-proxied.ingress.yaml
|
- context:
|
||||||
|
cluster: via-pomerium
|
||||||
|
user: via-pomerium
|
||||||
|
name: via-pomerium
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<<< @/docs/recipes/yml/dashboard-proxied.ingress.yaml
|
3. Add a user:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And finally, check that the ingresses are up and running.
|
```
|
||||||
|
- name: via-pomerium
|
||||||
```sh
|
user:
|
||||||
$kubectl get ingress
|
exec:
|
||||||
|
apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
|
||||||
|
args:
|
||||||
|
- k8s
|
||||||
|
- exec-credential
|
||||||
|
- https://k8s.localhost.pomerium.io:30443
|
||||||
|
command: pomerium-cli
|
||||||
|
env: null
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
With `kubectl` configured you can now query the Kubernetes API via pomerium:
|
||||||
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
|
|
||||||
dashboard-forwardauth dashboard-forwardauth.domain.example 80, 443 42h
|
```
|
||||||
dashboard-proxied dashboard-proxied.domain.example 80, 443 42h
|
kubectl --context=via-pomerium cluster-info
|
||||||
helm-pomerium *.domain.example,authenticate.domain.example 80, 443 42h
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You'll notice this is the step where we put everything together. We've got [nginx] handling the initial requests, [cert-manager] handling our public certificates, and Pomerium handling access control.
|
You should be prompted to login and see the resulting cluster info.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Conclusion
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Though the net result will be similar between using forward-auth and direct proxying, there are a few differences:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- By having Pomerium **directly proxy the requests**, you as an administrator have control control over the underlying request. In this example, we are able to inject an authenticating bearer token header to the downstream request which arguably makes for a better user experience.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<video controls muted="" playsinline="" width="100%" height="600" control=""><source src="./img/k8s-proxied-example.mp4" type="video/mp4">
|
|
||||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
||||||
</video>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Conversely, going the **forward-auth** route potentially means using the ingress / reverse proxy you are are already accustomed to or have already modified to support your particular deployment.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<video controls muted="" playsinline="" width="100%" height="600" control=""><source src="./img/k8s-fwd-auth-example.mp4" type="video/mp4">
|
|
||||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
||||||
</video>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the end, you should choose whichever option makes the most sense for your use-case and environment.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Whichever option you choose to go with, 🎉🍾🎊 **congratulations** 🎉🍾🎊! You now have a single-sign-on enabled [Kubernetes Dashboard] protected by Pomerium and automatically renewing [LetsEncrypt] certificates.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[bearer token]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authentication/
|
|
||||||
[cert-manager]: https://github.com/jetstack/cert-manager
|
|
||||||
[command line proxy]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/#command-line-proxy
|
|
||||||
[creating sample users]: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md
|
|
||||||
[dashboard ui]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/#deploying-the-dashboard-ui
|
|
||||||
[dns01 challenge provider]: https://docs.cert-manager.io/en/latest/tasks/issuers/setup-acme/dns01/index.html
|
|
||||||
[forward-auth]: ../docs/reference/reference.html#forward-auth
|
|
||||||
[helm install]: https://helm.sh/docs/using_helm/#installing-the-helm-client
|
|
||||||
[helm]: https://helm.sh
|
|
||||||
[homebrew]: https://brew.sh
|
|
||||||
[kubernetes dashboard]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/
|
|
||||||
[kubernetes ingress]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
|
|
||||||
[kubernetes securing a cluster]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/securing-a-cluster/
|
|
||||||
[letsencrypt]: https://letsencrypt.org
|
|
||||||
[nginx ingress controller]: https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
|
|
||||||
[nginx]: https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/security-controls/configuring-subrequest-authentication/
|
|
||||||
[securing your helm installation]: https://helm.sh/docs/using_helm/#securing-your-helm-installation
|
|
||||||
[snap]: https://github.com/snapcrafters/helm
|
|
||||||
[with pomerium]: ../docs/reference/reference.html#forward-auth
|
|
||||||
[your dashboard]: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#/login
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue