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## What
Pomerium is an open-source, identity-aware access proxy.
Pomerium is an identity-aware access proxy. Pomerium can be used to:
- enable secure remote access to internal websites, without a VPN.
- provide unified authentication ([SSO]) using the [identity provider] of your choice.
- enforce dynamic access policy based on context, identity, and device state.
- aggregate access logs and telemetry data.
## Why
Traditional [perimeter](https://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4397.pdf) [security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perimeter_Security) has some shortcomings, namely:
### Perimeter security's shortcomings
- Insider threat is not well addressed and 28% of breaches are [by internal actors](http://www.documentwereld.nl/files/2018/Verizon-DBIR_2018-Main_report.pdf).
- Impenetrable fortress in theory falls in practice; multiple entry points (like VPNs), lots of firewall rules, network segmentation creep.
- Failure to encapsulate a heterogeneous mix of cloud, on-premise, cloud, and multi-cloud environments.
- User's don't like VPNs.
For years, secure remote access meant firewalls, network segmentation, and VPNs. However, several [high-profile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Aurora) [security](https://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/02/target-hackers-broke-in-via-hvac-company/) breaches have shown the limitations of [perimeter](https://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4397.pdf) [security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perimeter_Security), namely:
Pomerium attempts to mitigate these shortcomings by adopting the following principles.
- Perimeter security does a poor job of addressing the insider-threat and 28% percent of breaches are [by internal actors](http://www.documentwereld.nl/files/2018/Verizon-DBIR_2018-Main_report.pdf).
- The _impenetrable fortress_ theory of perimeter security is anything but in practice; most corporate networks have multiple entry points, lots of firewall rules, and constant pressure to expand network segmentation boundaries.
- Even defining "what" a perimeter is is difficult as corporate networks have come to consist of an increasingly [heterogeneous](https://youtu.be/bDJb8WOJYdA?t=532) mix of on-premise, public, and private clouds.
- VPNs frustrate end-users, give a false sense of security, and often fail to provide defense-in-depth.
- Trust flows from user, device, and context.
- Network location _does not impart trust_. Treat both internal and external networks as completely untrusted.
- Act like you are already breached, because your probably are.
Or for the visually inclined.
![NSA exploiting google's SSL termination](./google-cloud-exploitation620x466.jpg)
> SSL added and removed here :^) - [NSA](https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-the-nsa-and-the-need-for-locking-down-datacenter-traffic/)
### Zero-trust
Pomerium -- and zero-trust more broadly -- attempts to mitigate these shortcomings by adopting principles like:
- Trust flows from identity, device-state, and context; not network location.
- Treat both internal and external networks as completely untrusted.
- Act like you are already breached, because you probably are.
- Every device, user, and application's communication should be authenticated, authorized, and encrypted.
- Policy should be dynamic, and built from multiple sources.
- Access policy should be dynamic, and built from multiple sources.
## Resources
Pomerium was designed around the security model originally articulated by [John Kindervag](http://www.virtualstarmedia.com/downloads/Forrester_zero_trust_DNA.pdf) in 2010, and by Google in 2011 which as a result of the [Operation Aurora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Aurora) breach.
Typically this approach to security is called either zero-trust or BeyondCorp-inspired. Here's a curated list of resources covering th
### Books
- [Zero Trust Networks](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920052265.do) by Gilman and Barth
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- [What, Why, and How of Zero Trust Networking](https://youtu.be/eDVHIfVSdIo?list=PLKb9-P1fRHxhSmCy5OaYZ5spcY8v3Pbaf) by Armon Dadgar, Hashicorp
- [O'Reilly Security 2017 NYC Beyondcorp: Beyond Fortress Security](https://youtu.be/oAvDASLehpY?list=PLKb9-P1fRHxhSmCy5OaYZ5spcY8v3Pbaf) by Neal Muller, Google
- [Be Ready for BeyondCorp: enterprise identity, perimeters and your application](https://youtu.be/5UiWAlwok1s?list=PLKb9-P1fRHxhSmCy5OaYZ5spcY8v3Pbaf) by Jason Kent
[identity provider]: ../docs/identity-providers.md
[sso]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_sign-on